Burgundy's climats and Champagne's chalk
In Burgundy, wine is about place. The vineyards are divided into precisely mapped plots called climats, each with its own soil and exposure, and UNESCO recognises 1,247 of them on the Côte de Nuits and the Côte de Beaune. Most wines are made from a single grape: Pinot Noir for reds and Chardonnay for whites. Chardonnay covers 57% of the vineyard and Pinot Noir 34%, with Aligoté most of the rest. Burgundy's 84 appellations, more than 23% of all French wine AOCs, rise from regional and village wines through Premier Cru plots to 33 Grands Crus, such as Corton and Montrachet, whose labels carry the name of the climat alone.
Champagne is a single appellation, its boundaries fixed by law in 1927, covering 319 villages. Its three main grapes are Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Meunier, and in the Marne Valley, which the barges follow, Meunier leads. The sparkle comes from a second fermentation in the bottle: non-vintage Champagne must age for at least 15 months, and vintage Champagne for at least three years. The region's chalk, easy to dig, created the underground cellars now recognised by UNESCO.
In Alsace, the barge route runs through the Vosges rather than the vineyards, but Alsatian wines are served on board. The region's 51 Grand Cru appellations are made mainly from Riesling, Muscat, Pinot Gris and Gewurztraminer.
Wine experiences on board and ashore
Wine visits are built into the itineraries. In Burgundy, vineyard drives follow the Route des Grands Crus with tastings, and the route between Dijon and Saint-Léger-sur-Dheune includes Château de Rully wines. At Saint-Jean-de-Losne, a visit to the waterways museum ends with a tasting of regional products. In Champagne, the Marne barge includes a walk through Hautvillers, a tasting at a Champagne house and a day in Reims.
On board, wine is served with meals, and drinks at the bar are generally included, with selected premium drinks extra. Bicycles are carried on the barges, so you can cycle the towpaths between visits.